Cern

1991 in science

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The year 1991 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

• October 29 - the Galileo probe becomes the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid (951 Gaspra)
• Asteroid 6859 Datemasamune is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa.
• 11514 Tsunenaga is discovered.
• There were 4 lunar eclipses, three penumbral on January 30, July 26, and June 27, and one minor partial lunar eclipse on December 21
• There were 2 solar eclipses, one annular eclipse on January 15, and a very long total eclipse on July 11, lasting 6 minutes and 53 seconds.

Chemistry

• Carbon nanotubes discovered by Sumio Iijima

Computer science

• February 26 - Tim Berners-Lee introduces the web browser.
• September 17 - Linus Torvalds introduces the Linux kernel version 0.01.

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
  • Chemistry - Richard R. Ernst
  • Medicine - Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann
• Turing Award - Robin Milner

Births

Deaths

• January 30 - John Bardeen (b. 1908), physicist, co-inventor of the transistor. Only physicist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics twice.
• March 1 - Edwin H. Land (b. 1909), inventor and founder of Polaroid.

Organisations

• CERN: Finland and Poland join CERN.